EarthStation1 MediaOutlet News: Today's 15% Off Specials & #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Titles At EarthStation1.com!

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Colosseum: Rome's Flavian Amphitheatre Coliseum DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 9 AD: #BOTD: #HBD: Vespasian (Latin: Vespasianus), Roman Emperor, renown for his military success and for initiating construction of The Colosseum (d. June 23-24, 79) is #born Titus Flavius Vespasianus in a village north-east of Rome called Falacrinae. His family was relatively undistinguished and lacking in pedigree. Vespasian was Roman emperor from 69 to 79. The fourth and last in the Year of the Four Emperors, he founded the Flavian dynasty that ruled the Empire for 27 years. Vespasian was the first emperor from an equestrian family and only rose into the senatorial rank as the first member of his family later in his lifetime. He was legate (Latin: legatus, a high-ranking Roman military officer in the Roman Army equivalent to general) of Legio II Augusta (Latin: Second Legion Augustus") during the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 AD, and he subjugated Judaea during the Jewish Rebellion of 66 AD. While Vespasian besieged Jerusalem during the Jewish rebellion, emperor Nero committed suicide and plunged Rome into a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After Galba and Otho perished in quick succession, Vitellius became emperor in April 69. The Roman legions of Roman Egypt and Judaea reacted by declaring Vespasian, their commander, the emperor on July 1, 69. In his bid for imperial power, Vespasian joined forces with Mucianus, the governor of Syria, and Primus, a general in Pannonia, leaving his son Titus to command the besieging forces at Jerusalem. Primus and Mucianus led the Flavian forces against Vitellius, while Vespasian took control of Egypt. On December 20, 69, Vitellius was defeated, and the following day Vespasian was declared emperor by the Senate. Little information survives about the government during Vespasian's ten-year rule. He reformed the financial system of Rome after the campaign against Judaea ended successfully, and initiated several ambitious construction projects, including the building of the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known today as the Roman Colosseum. Through his general Agricola, Vespasian increased imperial expansion in Britain. Vespasian is often credited with restoring political stability to Rome following the chaotic reigns of his predecessors. After he died in 79, he was succeeded by his eldest son Titus, thus becoming the first Roman emperor to be succeeded by his natural son and establishing the Flavian dynasty. Vespasian died of acute diarrhea on a visit to the Aquae Cutiliae, a mineral spring in Italy near the modern Cittaducale, central Italy, aged 69. He was buried at The Mausoleum Of Augustus, Rome, Italy. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-colosseum-rome39s-flavian-amphitheatre-coliseum-dvd-mp4-usb-dr394.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Pirates 12 Part Documentary Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1558: The English Monarchy (The Monarchy Of The Kingdom Of England): Royal Accessions: Successions To The English, Scottish And Irish Thrones: -- The Elizabethan era begins as Elizabeth I Of England succeeds to the throne after her half-sister Queen Mary I Of England dies. Queen Elizabeth I, Queen Of England and Ireland from November 17, 1558 until her death (September 7, 1533 - March 24, 1603) was born in the Palace of Placentia. also known as Greenwich Palace. Elizabeth I was sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess. Some have suggested that she was the mother of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl Of Oxford, who was a favorite in Elizabeth's court and who those who subscribe to the Oxfordian theory of Shakespearean authorship believe was the true identity of William Shakespeare. Whether she was or was not his mother, history officially records that Elizabeth was childless, and thereby was the last monarch of the House of Tudor. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She ascended the throne in 1558 at age 25. During her reign, Britain became a world power by defeating the Spanish Armada. The Anglican Church was also fully established. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/pirates-12-part-documentary-series-mp4-video-download-124.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Armada: Spanish Armada TV Series + Bonus MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1603: The English Monarchy (The Monarchy Of The Kingdom Of England): English Political Conspiracies: The Main Plot: -- Sir Walter Raleigh, English explorer, writer and courtie, goes on trial for treason for his alleged involvement in the Main Plot, an alleged conspiracy of July 1603, supposedly led by Lord Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham and funded by the Spanish government, to remove King James I from the English throne and to replace him with his cousin Lady Arbella Stuart. Raleigh had been arrested on July 19, 1603 at what is now the Old Exeter Inn in Ashburton, charged with treason, and his trial began on November 17 in the converted Great Hall of Winchester Castle. Raleigh conducted his own defence. The chief evidence against him was the signed and sworn confession of his friend Lord Brooke. Raleigh repeatedly requested that Cobham be called to testify, but the tribunal refused to allow Cobham either to testify or be cross-examined; despite this refusal, Raleigh's trial has been regularly cited as influential in establishing a common law right to confront accusers in court. Raleigh was convicted, but King James spared his life. While imprisoned in the Tower, Raleigh wrote his incomplete The History of the World. Using a wide array of sources in six languages, Raleigh was fully abreast of the latest continental scholarship. He wrote not about England, but of the ancient world with a heavy emphasis on geography. First published in 1614, it covers the course of human history from Genesis to the conquest of Macedon by Rome. Raleigh intended to write more volumes relating the rise and fall of the great empires, but his release in 1615, his expedition to Guiana, and his execution in 1618, prevented the accomplishment of his plan. According to Edmund Gosse, "This huge composition is one of the principal glories of seventeenth-century literature, and takes a very prominent place in the history of English prose." Despite Raleigh's intention of providing current advice to the King Of England, King James I complained that it was "too sawcie in censuring Princes". Raleigh remained imprisoned in the Tower until March 20, 1616. His son, Carew, was conceived and born (in 1604 or 1605) while Raleigh was imprisoned in the Tower. In 1617, Raleigh was pardoned by the King and granted permission to conduct an ill-fated second expedition to Venezuela in search of El Dorado. Sir Walter Raleigh, English statesman, soldier, writer and explorer, one of the most notable figures of the Elizabethan era, who played a leading part in English colonisation of North America, suppressed rebellion in Ireland, helped defend England against the Spanish Armada and held political positions under Elizabeth I (c. 1552 - October 29, 1618) was born to a landed gentry family of Protestant faith in East Budleigh, Devon, England, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne. He was the younger half-brother of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and a cousin of Sir Richard Grenville. Little is known of his early life, though in his late teens he spent some time in France taking part in the religious civil wars. In his 20s he took part in the suppression of rebellion in the colonisation of Ireland; he also participated in the siege of Smerwick. Later, he became a landlord of property in Ireland and mayor of Youghal in East Munster, where his house still stands in Myrtle Grove. He rose rapidly in the favour of Queen Elizabeth I and was knighted in 1585. He was granted a royal patent to explore Virginia, paving the way for future English settlements. In 1591, he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without the Queen's permission, for which he and his wife were sent to the Tower of London. After his release, they retired to his estate at Sherborne, Dorset. Walter Raleigh died of beheading in the Old Palace Yard at the Palace of Westminster in London, England aged approximately 65 for allegedly conspiring against James I of England, but actually to appease England's hitherto enemy, Spain. After Queen Elizabeth died in 1603, Raleigh was imprisoned (again) in The Tower Of London, this time for being involved in the Main Plot against King James I, who was not favourably disposed towards him. In 1616, he was released to lead a second expedition in search of El Dorado; in 1594, Raleigh heard of a "City of Gold" in South America and sailed to find it, publishing an exaggerated account of his experiences in a book that contributed to the legend of "El Dorado". During the expedition, a detachment of Raleigh's men led by his top commander and long-time friend Lawrence Kemys attacked the Spanish outpost of Santo Tome de Guayana on the Orinoco river, in violation of peace treaties with Spain and against Raleigh's orders. A condition of Raleigh's pardon was avoidance of any hostility against Spanish colonies or shipping. In the initial attack on the settlement, Raleigh's son, Walter, was fatally shot. Kemys informed Raleigh of his son's death and begged for forgiveness, but did not receive it, and at once committed suicide. On Raleigh's return to England, an outraged Count Gondomar, the Spanish ambassador, demanded that Raleigh's death sentence be reinstated by King James, who had little choice but to do so. Raleigh was brought to London from Plymouth by Sir Lewis Stukley, where he passed up numerous opportunities to make an effective escape. "Let us dispatch", he said to his executioner. "At this hour my ague (fever) comes upon me. I would not have my enemies think I quaked from fear." After he was allowed to see the axe that would be used to behead him, he mused: "This is a sharp Medicine, but it is a Physician for all diseases and miseries." According to biographers, Raleigh's last words, spoken to the hesitating executioner, were: "What dost thou fear? Strike, man, strike!" Having been one of the people to popularise tobacco smoking in England, he left a small tobacco pouch, found in his cell shortly after his execution. Engraved upon the pouch was a Latin inscription: Comes meus fuit in illo miserrimo tempore ("It was my companion at that most miserable time"). Raleigh's head was embalmed and presented to his wife. His body was to be buried in the local church in Beddington, Surrey, the home of Lady Raleigh, but was finally laid to rest in St. Margaret's, Westminster, where his tomb is presently located. "The Lords", she wrote, "have given me his dead body, though they have denied me his life. God hold me in my wits." It has been said that Lady Raleigh kept her husband's head in a velvet bag until her death. After Raleigh's wife's death 29 years later, his head was removed to his tomb and interred at St. Margaret's Church. Although Raleigh's popularity had waned considerably since his Elizabethan heyday, his execution was seen by many, both at the time and since, as unnecessary and unjust, as for many years his involvement in the Main Plot seemed to have been limited to a meeting with Lord Cobham. One of the judges at his trial later said: "The justice of England has never been so degraded and injured as by the condemnation of the honourable Sir Walter Raleigh." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/armada-dvd-spanish-armada-tv-series-all-3-episode3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Washington, D.C. History Video Set DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1800: The United States: The History Of The United States: The Federal Government Of The United States (The U.S. Federal Government, The U.S. Government): The 6th United States Congress: -- The U.S. Congress met for the first time in the new United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.. The 6th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House Of Representatives, that first met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and later, for the first time, in Washington, D.C., a session that ran from March 4, 1799, to March 4, 1801, during the last two years of John Adams's presidency. It was the last Congress of the 18th century and the first to convene in the 19th. The apportionment of seats in House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. Both chambers had a Federalist majority. This was the last Congress in which the Federalist Party controlled the presidency or either chamber of Congress. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/washington-dc-history-videos-dvd-mp4-download-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The World: A Television History Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1869: Engineering: Engineering Projects: Multinational Engineering Projects: The Suez Canal (Arabic: Qanat As-Suwais): -- The Mediterranean Sea is linked for the first time, via a single artificial sea-level waterway, with the Red Sea through the Isthmus Of Suez which divides Africa and Asia (and by extension, the Sinai Peninsula from the rest of Egypt) as The Suez Canal is inaugurated. The 193.30-kilometre-long (120.11 mi) canal is a key trade route between Europe and Asia. In 1858, French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps formed the Compagnie de Suez for the express purpose of building the canal. Construction of the canal lasted from 1859 to 1869. The canal officially opened on 17 November 1869. It offers vessels a direct route between the North Atlantic and northern Indian oceans via the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, avoiding the South Atlantic and southern Indian oceans and reducing the journey distance from the Arabian Sea to London by approximately 8,900 kilometres (5,500 mi), to 10 days at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) or 8 days at 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph). The canal extends from the northern terminus of Port Said to the southern terminus of Port Tewfik at the city of Suez. In 2021, more than 20,600 vessels traversed the canal (an average of 56 per day). The original canal featured a single-lane waterway with passing locations in the Ballah Bypass and the Great Bitter Lake. It contained, according to Alois Negrelli's plans, no locks, with seawater flowing freely through it. In general, the water in the canal north of the Bitter Lakes flows north in winter and south in summer. South of the lakes, the current changes with the tide at Suez. On October 29, 1888, The United Kingdom, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, the Russian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire signed The Convention Of Constantinople, which guaranteeed free maritime passage through the Suez Canal during War And Peace. The Khedivate of Egypt, through whose territory the Canal ran, and to whom all shares in the Suez Canal Company were due to revert when the company's 99-year lease to manage the Canal expired, was not invited to participate in the negotiations, and did not sign the treaty. The canal was the property of the Egyptian government, but European shareholders, mostly British and French, owned the concessionary company which operated it until July 1956, when President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalised it-an event which led to the Suez Crisis of October-November 1956. The canal is operated and maintained by the state-owned Suez Canal Authority (SCA) of Egypt. Under the Convention of Constantinople, it may be used "in time of war as in time of peace, by every vessel of commerce or of war, without distinction of flag." Nevertheless, the canal has played an important military strategic role as a naval short-cut and choke point. Navies with coastlines and bases on both the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea (Egypt and Israel) have a particular interest in the Suez Canal. After Egypt closed the Suez Canal at the beginning of the Six-Day War on 5 June 1967, the canal remained closed for eight years, reopening on 5 June 1975. The Egyptian government launched construction in 2014 to expand and widen the Ballah Bypass for 35 km (22 mi) to speed up the canal's transit time. The expansion intended to nearly double the capacity of the Suez Canal, from 49 to 97 ships per day. At a cost of LE 59.4b (9b USD), this project was funded with interest-bearing investment certificates issued exclusively to Egyptian entities and individuals. The Suez Canal Authority officially opened the new side channel in 2016. This side channel, at the northern side of the east extension of the Suez Canal, serves the East Terminal for berthing and unberthing vessels from the terminal. As the East Container Terminal is located on the Canal itself, before the construction of the new side channel it was not possible to berth or unberth vessels at the terminal while a convoy was running. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-world-a-television-history-4-dual-layer-dvds-all-26-sh426.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Monty: Bernard Montgomery Documentaries DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1887: #BOTD: #HBD! Bernard Montgomery, English field marshal, nicknamed "Monty" and the "Spartan General" (d. March 24, 1976) is #born Bernard Law Montgomery in Kennington, Surrey, England. Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery Of Alamein, KG, GCB, DSO, PC, DL, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, fought in both the First World War and the Second World War. He saw action in the First World War as a junior officer of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. At Meteren, near the Belgian border at Bailleul, he was shot through the right lung by a sniper, during the First Battle Of Ypres. He returned to the Western Front as a general staff officer and took part in the Battle of Arras in April/May 1917. He also took part in the Battle Of Passchendaele in late 1917 before finishing the war as Chief Of Staff of the 47th (2nd London) Division. In the inter-war years he commanded the 17th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers and, later, the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment before becoming commander of 9th Infantry Brigade and then General Officer Commanding (GOC) 8th Infantry Division. During the Second World War he commanded the British Eighth Army from August 1942 in the Western Desert until the final Allied victory in Tunisia in May 1943. This command included the Second Battle Of El Alamein, a turning point in the Western Desert Campaign. He subsequently commanded the British Eighth Army during the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy. He was in command of all Allied ground forces during Operation Overlord from the initial landings until after the Battle of Normandy. He then continued in command of the 21st Army Group for the rest of the campaign in North West Europe. As such he was the principal field commander for the failed airborne attempt to bridge the Rhine at Arnhem, and the Allied Rhine crossing. On May 4, 1945 he took the German surrender at Luneburg Heath in Northern Germany. After the war he became Commander-In-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) in Germany and then Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1946-1948). He then served as Deputy Supreme Commander of NATO in Europe until his retirement in 1958. Montgomery died at his home Isington Mill in Isington, Hampshire, aged 88. After a funeral at St George's Chapel, Windsor, his body was buried in Holy Cross churchyard, in Binsted, Hampshire. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/montgomery-dvd-field-marshal-bernard-law-dual-layer-wwii.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The President Vanishes (1934) DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1934: Aesthetics: Performing Arts: Premieres: Film Premieres: American Film Premieres: -- The film The President Vanishes is released, an American political drama film directed by William A. Wellman and produced by Walter Wanger. Starring Edward Arnold and Arthur Byron, the film is an adaptation of the controversial 1934 anonymous political novel published one month prior of the same name (revealed in 1938 to have been written by detective fiction wroter Rex Stout). Upon the release of the film, the National Legion of Decency - an organization of the United States Catholic Church - named it as one of Hollywood's problematic and "immoral" films. Both book and film are based on the events of the failed Business Plot, also called the Wall Street Putsch, The White House Putsch and The White House Coup Of 1934, a political conspiracy in 1933 in the United States to overthrow the government of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and install a fascist dictator. The existence of the plot was testified to by two-time Medal Of Honor recipient Smedley Butler before the United States House Of Representatives Special Committee On Un-American Activities (the "McCormack-Dickstein Committee"), events that occurred in the very same year this esteemed political drama and the film based on it were released. Retired Marine Corps Major General Smedley Butler asserted that wealthy businessmen were plotting to create a fascist veterans' organization with Butler as its leader and use it in a coup d'etat to overthrow Roosevelt. In 1934, Butler testified under oath before the United States House Of Representatives Special Committee on Un-American Activities (the "McCormack-Dickstein Committee") on these revelations. No one was prosecuted. At the time of the incidents, most major news media dismissed the plot, with a New York Times editorial characterizing it as a "gigantic hoax". While historians have questioned whether or not a coup was actually close to execution, most agree based on the documented evidence that was indeed not only contemplated and discussed but also executed to the extent that Smedley Butler was indeed approached and asked to join in the coup. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-president-vanishes-dvd-1934-edward-arnold-arthur-b1934.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Music & Dance Shows #15 Ready Steady Go Vol II DVD MP4 Flash Drive
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1937: #BOTD: #HBD! Peter Cook, dubbed "The Father Of Modern Satire", English actor, satirist, writer, comedian and screenwriter, widely regarded as the leading light of the British "satire boom" of the 1960s (d. January 9, 1995) is #born Peter Edward Cook at his parents' house, "Shearbridge", in Middle Warberry Road, Torquay, Devon, and was educated at the University of Cambridge. There he became involved with the Footlights Club, of which he later became president. After graduating he created the comedy stage revue Beyond The Fringe, beginning a long-running partnership with Dudley Moore. In 1961, Cook opened the comedy club The Establishment in Soho, Central London. In 1965, Cook and Moore began a television career, beginning with Not Only... But Also. Cook's deadpan monologues contrasted with Moore's buffoonery. They received the 1966 British Academy Television Award for Best Entertainment Performance. Following the success of the show, the duo appeared together in the films The Wrong Box (1966) and Bedazzled (1967). Cook and Moore returned to television projects continuing to the late 1970s, including co-presenting Saturday Night Live in the United States. From 1978 until his death in 1995, Cook no longer collaborated with Moore, apart from a few cameo appearances but continued to be a regular performer in British television and film. Peter Cook died in a coma at age 57 at the Royal Free Hospital in Hampstead, London, from a gastrointestinal haemorrhage, a complication probably resulting from years of heavy drinking. His body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium, and his ashes were buried in an unmarked plot behind St John-at-Hampstead, not far from his home in Perrins Walk. Cook was ranked number one in the Comedians' Comedian, a poll of over 300 comics, comedy writers, producers, and directors throughout the English-speaking world. He was closely associated with the anti-establishment comedy that emerged in the United Kingdom and United States in the late 1950s. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-tv-music-amp-dance-shows-15-ready-steady-go-ii-d15.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: DJ Madness! 1950s-60s-70s Radio Shows DVD, MP3 Download, USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1938: #BOTD: #HBD! Gordon Lightfoot, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. May 1, 2023) is #born Gordon Meredith Lightfoot Jr. in Orillia, Ontario to Gordon Lightfoot, Sr., who managed a local dry cleaning firm, and Jessie Vick Trill Lightfoot. Gordon Meredith Lightfoot Jr. CC OOnt achieved international success in folk, folk-rock, and country music. He is credited with helping to define the folk-pop sound of the 1960s and 1970s. He is often referred to as Canada's greatest songwriter and is known internationally as a folk-rock legend. Lightfoot's songs, including "For Lovin' Me", "Early Morning Rain", "Steel Rail Blues", "Ribbon of Darkness"-a number one hit on the U.S. country chart with Marty Robbins's cover in 1965-and "Black Day in July" about the 1967 Detroit riot, brought him wide recognition in the 1960s. Canadian chart success with his own recordings began in 1962 with the No. 3 hit "(Remember Me) I'm the One", followed by recognition and charting abroad in the 1970s. He topped the US Hot 100 or AC chart with the hits "If You Could Read My Mind" (1970), "Sundown" (1974); "Carefree Highway" (1974), "Rainy Day People" (1975), and "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" (1976), and had many other hits that appeared in the top 40. Several of Lightfoot's albums achieved gold and multi-platinum status internationally. His songs have been recorded by renowned artists such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Hank Williams Jr., The Kingston Trio, Marty Robbins, George Hamilton IV, Jerry Lee Lewis, Neil Young, Bob Dylan, Judy Collins, Barbra Streisand, Johnny Mathis, Herb Alpert, Harry Belafonte, Scott Walker, Sarah McLachlan, Eric Clapton, John Mellencamp, Jack Jones, Bobby Vee, Roger Whittaker, Tony Rice, Peter, Paul and Mary, Glen Campbell, The Grateful Dead, The Irish Rovers, Nico, Olivia Newton-John, Paul Weller, Nine Pound Hammer, Ultra Nate, The Tragically Hip, The Unintended and Headstones. Robbie Robertson of the Band described Lightfoot as "a national treasure". Bob Dylan, also a Lightfoot fan, called him one of his favorite songwriters and, in an often-quoted tribute, Dylan observed that when he heard a Lightfoot song he wished "it would last forever". Lightfoot was a featured musical performer at the opening ceremonies of the 1988 Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, Alberta. He received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Trent University in Spring 1979 and was made a Companion of the Order of Canada in May 2003. In November 1997, the Governor General's Performing Arts Award, Canada's highest honour in the performing arts, was bestowed on Lightfoot. On February 6, 2012, Lightfoot was presented with the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. June of that year saw his induction into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. On June 6, 2015, Lightfoot received an honorary doctorate of music in his hometown of Orillia from Lakehead University. Gordon Lightfoot died of natural causes at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, Canada at the age of 84. The Mariners' Church in Detroit (the "Maritime Sailors' Cathedral" mentioned in "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald") honored Lightfoot the day after his death by ringing its bell a total of 30 times, 29 for each of the crewmen lost on the Edmund Fitzgerald, and the final time for Lightfoot himself. Additionally, the Split Rock Lighthouse, which overlooks Lake Superior in Minnesota, shone its light in honor of Lightfoot on May 3. A public visitation was held at St. Paul's United Church that drew more than 2,400 people. As in Detroit, the church bells at St. Paul's rang 30 times. On May 8, 2023, a private funeral was held at St. Paul's before he was buried next to his parents at St. Andrew's and St. James' Cemetery. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/dj-radio-airchecks-mp3-dvd-1950s60s70s-dis319506070.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Music & Dance Shows #8 American Action DVD, MP4, USB Flash Drive
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1942: #BOTD: #HBD! Bob Gaudio, American singer, songwriter, pianist and record producer, and the keyboardist backing vocalist and usual songwriter of the Four Seasons is #born Robert John Gaudio in the Bronx, New York. Gaudio wrote or co-wrote and produced the vast majority of the band's music, including hits like "Sherry" and "December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)". Though he no longer performs with the group, Gaudio and lead singer Frankie Valli remain co-owners of the Four Seasons brand. He was raised in Bergenfield, New Jersey, where he attended Bergenfield High School. His mother worked for the publishing house Prentice Hall and his father in a paper factory. He showed an interest in music and studied piano with Sal Mosca. Gaudio grew up in more comfortable middle class surroundings than the other members of the Four Seasons, which caused some tension and differences early on. He was a cerebral person, interested in reading and learning. He stayed out of trouble and kept a mild manner about him, which proved useful during negotiations throughout his career. He rose to musical fame at the age of 15 as a member of The Royal Teens when he co-wrote the hit "Short Shorts". In 1958, while he and the group were promoting the single, they met Frankie Valli and his group the Four Lovers as they prepared to perform on a local television program. Wearying of touring, he left the Royal Teens soon afterward, and the rest of the group dissolved shortly afterwards. One year after he ceased touring, Gaudio joined the Four Lovers. While commercial success was elusive, the group was kept busy with steady session work (with Bob Crewe as the producer) and a string of performances at night clubs and lounges. In 1960, after a failed audition at a bowling establishment in Union Township, called the "4 Seasons", songwriter/pianist Gaudio shook hands with lead singer Valli and formed the Four Seasons Partnership, and Gaudio, Valli, Tommy DeVito, and Nick Massi became The Four Seasons. Gaudio wrote the Seasons' first No. 1 hit, "Sherry", 15 minutes before a group rehearsal in 1962. With producer Bob Crewe often assisting with lyrics, Gaudio wrote a string of subsequent hits for the Seasons, including "Big Girls Don't Cry", "Walk Like a Man", "Dawn (Go Away)", "Ronnie", "Rag Doll", "Save It for Me", "Big Man in Town", "Bye Bye Baby", "Girl Come Running", "Beggin'", and "Can't Take My Eyes Off You" (the first big success under Valli's name as a solo performer). Crewe/Gaudio compositions also became major hits for other artists, including the Tremeloes ("Silence Is Golden", originally the B-side of the Four Seasons' "Rag Doll"), The Osmonds ("The Proud One", originally recorded as a Valli solo single) and the Walker Brothers ("The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore", another Valli single). "Rag Doll" is regarded by some as the greatest achievement of the Four Seasons. Gaudio was on the way to a recording session and his car was stopped at a long traffic light in Hell's Kitchen. Often kids would wash the car windows during the long waits and ask for some change. In Gaudio's case, a scruffy little girl washed his window. When Gaudio went to give her change, all he had was a 20M USD bill. After a moment's hesitation, he gave her the bill because he had to give her something. The astonished look on her face stayed with him and inspired the subsequent song. After the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album was released in June 1967, Gaudio saw the pop music market changing, and sought to position the Four Seasons into the trend of socially conscious music. One evening he went to the Bitter End in Greenwich Village and saw Jake Holmes performing. Gaudio was taken with Holmes' song, "Genuine Imitation Life", and decided to base a Four Seasons album upon it. With Holmes as his new lyricist, The Genuine Imitation Life Gazette album was released in January 1969. The album was a commercial failure and symbolized the end of the Four Seasons' first period of success. The appreciation of The Genuine Imitation Life Gazette has grown over the years, and it was re-released on CD (minus the newspaper cover) in the 1990s by Rhino in the U.S. and Ace in the UK. Gaudio and Holmes also wrote and produced Frank Sinatra's 1969 album Watertown. In 1975 Gaudio wrote "Who Loves You" and "December 1963 (Oh, What a Night)" with his future wife Judy Parker. The songs became big hits for a reconstituted Four Seasons group (only Valli was left of the original lineup; Gaudio stopped touring with them in 1971 to concentrate on writing and producing). Gaudio, Tommy DeVito, Frankie Valli and Nick Massi - the original members of The Four Seasons - were inducted into The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame in 1990 and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. In addition to his work for the Seasons and Sinatra, he wrote and/or produced for Michael Jackson, Barry Manilow, Diana Ross, Eric Carmen, Nancy Sinatra, Peabo Bryson, and Roberta Flack. In particular, he produced six complete albums for Neil Diamond, and the movie soundtrack albums for Diamond's The Jazz Singer and Little Shop of Horrors. Gaudio also produced the hit "You Don't Bring Me Flowers" for Barbra Streisand and Neil Diamond, a duet that reached the top of Billboard charts in 1978, for which he received a Grammy Award nomination. In the 1990s Gaudio moved to Nashville and produced recordings for Canadian country artist George Fox, among others. He lured Neil Diamond to Nashville to record the album Tennessee Moon. In recent years Gaudio has focused on musical theater, writing the music for the 2001 London West End production of Peggy Sue Got Married. Gaudio was instrumental in mounting Jersey Boys, a musical play based on the lives of the Four Seasons, which ran at the La Jolla Playhouse through January 2, 2005, and then opened on Broadway on November 6, 2005, to mostly positive reviews. In 2006, the play won four Tony Awards, including Best Musical. In 2007, it won a Grammy in the Best Musical Show Album category. Gaudio was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1995. On February 3, 2009, Gaudio received his high school diploma, 50 years after dropping out of Bergenfield High School. On May 12, 2012, Gaudio received the Ellis Island Medal Of Honor for his commitment to many humanitarian causes. On June 20, 2014, Warner Bros. released the film version of Jersey Boys, directed by Clint Eastwood in which Gaudio was portrayed by Erich Bergen. In Jersey Boys, credit is given to a then-teenaged Joe Pesci for introducing Gaudio to Tommy DeVito. On July 1, 2014, Rhino Entertainment released Audio with a G, the first compilation of the music composed by Bob Gaudio as performed by the Four Seasons, Frank Sinatra, Diana Ross, The Temptations, Cher, Roberta Flack, Nina Simone, Jerry Butler, Chuck Jackson and others. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-tv-music-amp-dance-shows-8-where-american-action-is-dv8.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Classics Vol. 4 DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1944: #BOTD: #HBD! Tom Seaver, nicknamed "Tom Terrific" (after the 1957-1959 animated series presented as part of the Captain Kangaroo children's television show) and "The Franchise", American professional baseball pitcher who played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 12-time All-Star and ranks as the Mets' all-time leader in wins pitched, commonly described as the most iconic player in Mets history, having played a significant role in their victory in the 1969 World Series over the Baltimore Orioles (d. August 31, 2020) is #born George Thomas Seaverin Fresno, California. He played for the New York Mets, Cincinnati Reds, Chicago White Sox, and Boston Red Sox from 1967 to 1986. With the Mets, Seaver won the National League's (NL) Rookie of the Year Award in 1967, and won three NL Cy Young Awards as the league's best pitcher. During his MLB career, he compiled 311 wins, 3,640 strikeouts, 61 shutouts, a 2.86 earned run average, and he threw a no-hitter in 1978. In 1992, Seaver was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility, receiving the highest percentage of votes ever recorded at the time. Along with Mike Piazza, he is one of two players wearing a New York Mets hat on his plaque in the Hall of Fame. Seaver's No. 41 was retired by the Mets in 1988, and New York City changed the address of Citi Field to 41 Seaver Way in 2019. Seaver is also a member of the New York Mets Hall of Fame and the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame. Seaver died in his sleep during the early hours of a Monday at his home in Calistoga, California from complications from Lewy body dementia and COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic, aged 75. His cremains were given to his widow Nancy. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-classics-vol-4-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Tibet History & The Dalai Lama Documentaries DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1950: Religion: The History Of Religion: Buddhism (Buddhadharma, Dharmavinaya): Mahayana Buddhism: Tibetan Buddhism: Tibetan Buddhist Schools: Gelug School Of Tibetan Buddhism (Yellow Hat School Of Tibetan Buddhism): The Dalai Lama (Tibetan: Dalai, "Ocean"; Lama, "Wisdom"; Dalai Lama, "Ocean Of Wisdom"): Dalai Lamas: Priestly Accessions: Successions To The Position Of Dalai Lama: His Holiness The 14th Dalai Lama (Birth Name Lhamo Dondrub): -- Lhamo Dondrub is officially named the 14th Dalai Lama at the age of fifteen, and thereby invested with temporal duties as head of The Ganden Phodran (the Tibetan government) who had so installed him, in the aftermath of The Battle Of Chamdo, in which Peoples Republic Of China (PRC) forces annexed Central Tibet; he continued to hold temporaral power over The Ganden Phodran and Tibet until his exile in 1959. The 14th Dalai Lama (b. July 6, 1935; full spiritual name: Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, shortened as Tenzin Gyatso; born Lhamo Thondup) is as of 2025 the incumbent Dalai Lama, the highest spiritual leader and head of Tibetan Buddhism. He served as the resident spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet before 1959 and subsequently led the Tibetan government in exile represented by the Central Tibetan Administration in Dharamsala, India. A belief central to the Tibetan Buddhist tradition as well as the institution of the Dalai Lama is that the reincarnated person is a living Bodhisattva, specifically an emanation of Avalokitesvara (in Sanskrit) or Chenrezig (in Tibetan), the Bodhisattva of Compassion. The Mongolic words "Dalai Lama" mean "Ocean Of Wisdom". The 14th Dalai Lama is also known to Tibetans as Gyalwa Rinpoche ("The Precious Jewel-like Buddha-Master"), Kundun ("The Presence"), and Yizhin Norbu ("The Wish-Fulfilling Gem"). His devotees, as well as much of the Western world, often call him His Holiness the Dalai Lama. He is the leader and a monk of the newest Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. The 14th Dalai Lama was born to a farming family in Taktser (Hongya village), in the traditional Tibetan region of Amdo, at the time a Chinese frontier district. He was selected as the tulku of the 13th Dalai Lama in 1937, and formally recognised as the 14th Dalai Lama in 1939. As with the recognition process for his predecessor, a Golden Urn selection process was waived and approved by the Nationalist government of China. His enthronement ceremony was held in Lhasa on February 22, 1940. During the 1959 Tibetan uprising, the Dalai Lama escaped to India, where he continues to live. On April 29, 1959, the Dalai Lama established the independent Tibetan government in exile in the north Indian hill station of Mussoorie, which then moved in May 1960 to Dharamshala, where he resides. He retired as political head in 2011 to make way for a democratic government, the Central Tibetan Administration. The Dalai Lama advocates for the welfare of Tibetans and since the early 1970s has called for the Middle Way Approach with China to peacefully resolve the issue of Tibet. This policy, adopted democratically by the Central Tibetan Administration and the Tibetan people through long discussions, seeks to find a middle ground, "a practical approach and mutually beneficial to both Tibetans and Chinese, in which Tibetans can preserve their culture and religion and uphold their identity," and China's assertion of sovereignty over Tibet, aiming to address the interests of both parties through dialogue and communication and for Tibet to remain a part of China. He criticised the CIA Tibetan program, saying that its sudden end in 1972 proved it was primarily aimed at serving American interests. Until reaching his mid-80s, the Dalai Lama travelled worldwide to give Tibetan Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism teachings, and his Kalachakra teachings and initiations were international events. He also attended conferences on a wide range of subjects, including the relationship between religion and science, met with other world leaders, religious leaders, philosophers, and scientists, online and in-person. Since 2018, he has continued to teach on a reduced schedule, limiting his travel to within India only, and occasionally addressing international audiences via live webcasts. His work includes focus on the environment, economics, women's rights, nonviolence, interfaith dialogue, physics, astronomy, Buddhism and science, cognitive neuroscience, reproductive health and sexuality. The Dalai Lama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989. Time magazine named the Dalai Lama Gandhi's spiritual heir to nonviolence. The 12th General Assembly of the Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace in New Delhi unanimously recognised the Dalai Lama's contributions to global peace, his lifelong efforts in uniting Buddhist communities worldwide, and bestowed upon him the title of "Universal Supreme Leader of the Buddhist World"; they also designated 6 July, his birthday, as the Universal Day of Compassion. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/tibet-documentaries-2-dvd-se2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: War And Peace In The Nuclear Age TV Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1969 - The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: Arms Control: Nuclear Arms Control: The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT): SALT I: -- The first of The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) begin, talks that would ultimately lead to The SALT I agreement to sign The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty or ABMT) in 1972. The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) were two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union, the Cold War superpowers, on the issue of arms control. The two rounds of talks and agreements were SALT I and SALT II. Negotiations commenced in Helsinki, Finland, in November 1969. SALT I led to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and an interim agreement between the two countries. Although SALT II resulted in an agreement in 1979, the United States Senate chose not to ratify the treaty in response to the Soviet war in Afghanistan, which took place later that year. The Soviet legislature also did not ratify it. The agreement expired on December 31, 1985 and was not renewed. The talks led to the STARTs, or Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties, which consisted of START I (a 1991 completed agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union) and START II (a 1993 agreement between the United States and Russia, which was never ratified by the United States), both of which proposed limits on multiple-warhead capacities and other restrictions on each side's number of nuclear weapons. A successor to START I, New START, was proposed and was eventually ratified in February 2011. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/war-and-peace-in-the-nuclear-age-dvd-set-tv-series-7-disc7.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: War Crimes The Nuremberg My Lai John Demjanjuk Trials MP4 Download DVD
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1970: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War In Asia: The Indochina Wars: The Vietnam War (The Second Indochina War, The Vietnam Conflict, The Resistance War Against America): The United States In The Vietnam War: War Crimes: War Crimes Of The Vietnam War: The My Lai Massacre (The Pinkville Massacre, The Massacre At Songmy, Son My Massacre): -- Lieutenant William Calley goes on trial for the My Lai Massacre, the Vietnam War mass killing of between 347 and 504 unarmed Vietnamese civilians in South Vietnam on March 16, 1968. It was committed by U.S. Army soldiers from Company C, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade, 23rd (Americal) Infantry Division. Victims included men, women, children, and infants. Some of the women were gang-raped and their bodies mutilated. Twenty-six soldiers were charged with criminal offenses, but only Lieutenant William Calley Jr., a platoon leader in C Company, was convicted. Found guilty of killing 22 villagers, he was originally given a life sentence, but served only three and a half years under house arrest. The massacre, which was later called "the most shocking episode of the Vietnam War", took place in two hamlets of Son My village in Quang Ngai Province. These hamlets were marked on the U.S. Army topographic maps as My Lai and My Khe. The U.S. Army slang name for the hamlets and sub-hamlets in that area was Pinkville, and the carnage was initially referred to as the Pinkville Massacre. Later, when the U.S. Army started its investigation, the media changed it to the Massacre at Songmy. Currently, the event is referred to as the My Lai Massacre in the United States and called the Son My Massacre in Vietnam. The incident prompted global outrage when it became public knowledge as a result of Hersh's story. The My Lai massacre increased domestic opposition to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War when the scope of killing and cover-up attempts were exposed. Initially, three U.S. servicemen who had tried to halt the massacre and rescue the hiding civilians were shunned, and even denounced as traitors by several U.S. Congressmen, including Mendel Rivers, Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee. Only after thirty years were they recognized and decorated, one posthumously, by the U.S. Army for shielding non-combatants from harm in a war zone. Along with the No Gun Ri massacre in Korea eighteen years earlier, My Lai was one of the largest single massacres of civilians by U.S. forces in the 20th century. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/war-crimes-the-nuremberg-my-lai-john-demjanjuk-trials-mp4-download-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Unauthorized Biography: Richard Nixon w/Barbara Howar MP4 Download DVD
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1973: Scandals: Political Scandals: Political Scandals Of The United States: Richard Nixon: The Presidency Of Richard Nixon: The Watergate Scandal: "I'm Not A Crook": -- In Orlando, Florida, U.S. President Richard Nixon, responding to more than an hour of questioning by 400 Associated Press managing newspaper editors, declares on a Saturday night that "I'm not a crook", and he would prove it by publishing evidence of his innocence in the wide-ranging Watergate scandal. In a nervous but self-assured defense of his conduct before national television cameras in a hotel ballroom at Disney World, Nixon said "I want the facts out because the facts will prove that the President is telling the truth." Nixon flew to the 27,000-acre entertainment resort from his home in Key Biscayne and submitted to an hour and six minutes of questions by members of the Associated Press Managing Editors Association, the subjects ranging from the Watergate tapes to his personal finances, the energy crisis, the new special Watergate prosecutor and the acknowledged bugging of his brother, Donald. During the news conference, Nixon said he would make available his own notes to U.S. District Judge John J. Sirica of his conversations with former White House counsel John W, Dean Ill to establish that he knew nothing of the Watergate cover-up before last March 21. He said it was a "very great disappointment" some conversations were not recorded because of what he said was a faulty, unsophisticated White House taping system. He further stated that the new special Watergate prosecutor, Leon Jaworski, would be fully independent and immune to dismissal without the agreement of the House and Senate leadership of both parties. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/unauthorized-biography-richard-nixon-dvd-documentary.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Czechoslovakia: The Long Wait For Revolution DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1989: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1985-1991) (The End Of The Cold War): The Dissolution Of The Soviet Union: The Revolutions Of 1989 (The Fall Of Nations, The Autumn Of Nations, The Fall Of Communism): The Eastern Bloc (The Communist Bloc, The Socialist Bloc, The Soviet Bloc): The Velvet Revolution (Czech: Sametova Revoluce) (The Gentle Revolution): -- The Velvet Revolution begins when thousands of student demonstrators marched through the streets of Prague demanding an end to Communist rule in Czechoslovakia. Riot police and army paratroopers then moved in to crush the revolt. This sparks an uprising aimed at overthrowing the communist government that ultimately succeeds on December 29. The Velvet Revolution (Czech: sametova revoluce) or Gentle Revolution (Slovak: nezna revolucia) was a non-violent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia, occurring from November 17 to December 29, 1989. Popular demonstrations against the one-party government of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia included students and older dissidents. The result was the end of 41 years of one-party rule in Czechoslovakia, and the subsequent dismantling of the command economy and conversion to a parliamentary republic. On November 17, 1989, the semicentennial anniversary of International Students' Day, riot police suppressed a student demonstration in Prague. The event marked the 50th anniversary of a violently suppressed demonstration against the Nazi storming of Prague University in 1939 where 1,200 students were arrested and 9 killed. The 1989 event sparked a series of demonstrations from November 17 to late December and turned into an anti-communist demonstration. On November 20, the number of protesters assembled in Prague grew from 200,000 the previous day to an estimated 500,000. The entire top leadership of the Communist Party, including General Secretary Milos Jakes, resigned on November 24. On November 27, a two-hour general strike involving all citizens of Czechoslovakia was held. In response to the collapse of other Warsaw Pact governments and the increasing street protests, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia announced on November 28 that it would relinquish power and end the one-party state. Two days later, the federal parliament formally deleted the sections of the Constitution giving the Communist Party a monopoly of power. Barbed wire and other obstructions were removed from the border with West Germany and Austria in early December. On December 10, President Gustav Husak appointed the first largely non-communist government in Czechoslovakia since 1948, and resigned. Alexander Dubcek was elected speaker of the federal parliament on December 28, and Vaclav Havel the President of Czechoslovakia on December 29, 1989. In June 1990, Czechoslovakia held its first democratic elections since 1946. On January 1. 1993, Czechoslovakia split into two countries: the Czech Republic and Slovakia. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/czechoslovakia-the-long-wait-for-spring-dvd-1988-cold1988.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: War Crimes In Bosnia: The Bosnian War MP4 Video Download Or DVD
Today, November 17, 2025

November 17, 1993: The Post-Cold War Era: The Breakup Of Yugoslavia: The Yugoslav Wars: The United Nations: International Humanitarian Law (IHL) (The Laws Of Armed Conflict): The International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia (ICTY): -- The United Nations opens the International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia, its first war crimes tribunal since the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials following World War II. Judges from 11 nations were sworn in on this date to examine the recent mass murders in Yugoslavia characterized as ethnic cleansing committed by Serbs, Croats and Albanians during the Yugoslav Wars. The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, more commonly referred to as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), was a body of the United Nations established to prosecute serious crimes committed during the Yugoslav Wars, and to try their perpetrators. The tribunal was an ad hoc court located in The Hague, Netherlands. The Court was established by Resolution 827 of the United Nations Security Council, which was passed on May 25, 1993. It had jurisdiction over four clusters of crimes committed on the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991: grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, violations of the laws or customs of war, genocide, and crimes against humanity. The maximum sentence it could impose was life imprisonment. Various countries signed agreements with the UN to carry out custodial sentences. A total of 161 persons were indicted; the final indictments were issued in December 2004, the last of which were confirmed and unsealed in the spring of 2005. The final fugitive, Goran Hadzic, was arrested on July 20, 2011. The final judgment was issued on November 29, 2017 and the institution formally ceased to exist on December 31, 2017. Residual functions of the ICTY, including oversight of sentences and consideration of any appeal proceedings initiated since July 1, 2013, are under the jurisdiction of a successor body, the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/war-crimes-in-bosnia-the-bosnian-war-mp4-video-download-or-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Lum And Abner Old Time Radio Series MP3 Set DVD, Download, USB Stick
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17: National Homemade Bread Day: -- Time to get baking and break bread with your friends and family! The best thing about tdoay might be the way it incorporates all your senses: the sweet, roasty comfort smell that lingers in the kitchen; the sight of steam rising from the top of the loaf, the warmth in your mouth, the taste of home when you take a bite, and the seemingly automatic "Mmmmm" that comes while you chew. Sliced bread is undoubtedly a good thing - it saves time, and the effort of kneading. But it's a real shame that so few people today get to enjoy the taste and yeasty deliciousness that is homemade bread -- and that's where Home-Made Bread Day comes in! The origins of this particular Day are shrouded in mystery, but the history of bread obviously follows along with the history of humanity itself. Bread has been an important part of diet and culture and has appeared in pretty much every corner of the world in some form or another. It is estimated that grains and cereals became an important part of the human diet long before bread came along. Bread, itself, is believed to have entered the scene perhaps as long as 10,000 years ago, during the Neolithic period in Europe. Some loaves of bread even from that long ago used the concept of retaining a piece of the previous day's bread as a 'starter' in the fashion of sourdough bread. In 79 AD, the tragic volcano eruption of Pompeii preserved the city's ovens so that archeologists would later find them. It was discovered that the people from that time had access to bread that was baked in at least 33 different bakeries. The invention of the bread-maker has taken a lot of the effort out of baking, meaning that there is no reason why everyone shouldn't enjoy homemade bread, which is often of much higher quality than the stuff that can be bought in a shop. Home-baked bread is often healthier, higher in fiber, and lower in salt and additives than commercial varieties, and the recipe can be modified to suit the maker's tastes, with grains, spices, or other additions. No matter its form, homemade bread is absolutely delicious and deserves to be celebrated on this day! https://store.earthstation1.com/lum-and-abner-radio-mp3-dvd-complete-broadcast3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old Time Radio Sci-Fi & Paranormal MP3 MegaSet CD, Download, USB
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17: National Butter Day: -- Few ingredients make a meal richer and more flavorful than butter - and this annual celebration of this delicious dairy product gives this creamy ingredient, and those who make it, a pat on the back! Butter has been used by humans for thousands of years. As recently as the first half of the last century, the butter churn was an essential tool in many kitchens. When butter was rationed during World War II, households struggled to get along without this delicious staple. As Julia Child said, :With enough butter, anything is good"! Butter can be used in simple and complex ways - spread a pat of butter on warm toast for an instant hit of flavor and texture or use it to create the light, flaky layers in a croissant. It also enhances the mouthfeel of hot drinks, like coffee and cocktails, and it keeps meats tender while roasting. Butter is the crucial ingredient in mouthwatering sauces, rich cookies, creamy mashed potatoes, hearty casseroles, and so much more. The average American eats 6.3 pounds, or about 25 sticks, of cow's butter every year. Around the world, butter can be found in cuisines of every culture, and each one uses it to enhance their recipes and enrich their lives. Around the dinner table, the phrase "Please, pass the butter," connects us to those we break bread with and to the food we love to eat. National Butter Day invites you to celebrate your favorite dishes and baked goods with butter. National Butter Day offers so many avenues for celebration. Whether you set to work in your kitchen making family favorites or test out a new recipe, take a moment to recognize the role butter plays in our food: Bake cookies with the kids. Be sure to let them mix the butter and sugar together; Make compound or brown butter and reap the flavor benefits; Thank a dairy farmer, milk hauler, or butter maker, like those at Dinner Bell Creamery, for the butter they make possible; Compliment the chef who made the delicious, buttery sauce for your seafood meal; and when you celebrate, be sure to share your stories and photos on social media using #NationalButterDay! Dinner Bell Creamery - a cooperative owned by the dairy farm families of AMPI - founded National Butter Day in 2021 to celebrate this culturally important and incredibly delicious food. They also honor the modern-day process of butter making, from raising dairy cows on family farms to crafting butter for sale in stores and markets. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-old-time-radio-scifi-paranormal-megaset-dual-layer-mp3-dv3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Scouts! Lord Baden-Powell The Boy Scouts & The Girl Scouts MP4 DVD USB
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17: National Hiking Day (Take A Hike Day): -- Today may be one of the most important holidays out there. Why? For starters, there's more than 60,000 miles of trails across the nation. Not to mention, hiking is great exercise allowing you to burn over 550 calories per hour. Plus, being in the outdoors allows you to get away from your phone and appreciate nature's beauty and wonder. Hiking wasn't always the fashionable pastime it is today. Before the Subarus and the Jeeps and the Patagonias built an industry around the activity, walking - of any kind - was considered an activity for the impoverished or the vagrant. Until the Romantic era of the Victorian years inspired the likes of Walden and Thoreau to reconnect with nature and that, in turn, inspired the landscape architects to design parks with excellent walking trails (looking at you Frederick Law Olmsted of Central Park fame). Walking then became something of the educated, the unhurried, the luxurious. Until John Muir came along and walked his way through the Sierra Nevadas in California and demanded that not only hiking, walking, meandering, sojourning, whatever you want to call it be accessible to every American citizen, but that the country should actively preserve natural areas of pristine ecology and beauty. So in 1890 he petitioned for the creation of the National Park System and we were endowed with "America's best idea" - Yosemite and Sequoia National Park. But even before Muir, on the east coast a small group of people had banded together in 1876 to form the Appalachian Mountain Club, which had a goal to protect and preserve all hiking trails along the historic mountain range, as well as develop new ones. So whether you prefer to hit the jogging trails in Central Park or are prepping to backpack the entire Pacific Crest Trail, every step on a trail is with a long line of explorers, trailblazers, and activists from before. https://store.earthstation1.com/scouts-the-life-and-legacy-of-lord-badenpowell-dvd-mp4-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Crimes Of Adolf Hitler Das Leben Von Adolf Hitler 1961 DVD MP4 USB
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 1939: International Students' Day: -- Nine Czech students are executed as a response to anti-Nazi demonstrations at the University of Prague, Czechoslovakia prompted by the death of medical student Jan Opletal during the German Occupation Of Czechoslovakia. All Czech universities are shut down and more than 1,200 students sent to concentration camps. Since this event, International Students' Day is celebrated in many countries, especially in the Czech Republic. International Students' Day is an international observance of the student community, held annually on November 17. Originally commemorating the Czech universities which were stormed by Nazis in 1939 and the students who were subsequently killed and sent to concentration camps, it is now marked by a number of universities, sometimes on a day other than November 17, as a nonpolitical celebration of the multiculturalism of their international students. The date commemorates the anniversary of the 1939 Nazi storming of the University of Prague (Charles University) after demonstrations against the German occupation of Czechoslovakia and the killings of student protestors Jan Opletal and worker Vaclav Sedlacek. The Nazis rounded up the students, murdered nine student leaders and sent over 1,200 students to concentration camps, mainly Sachsenhausen. They subsequently closed all Czech universities and colleges. By this time Czechoslovakia no longer existed, as it had been divided into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the Slovak Republic under a fascist puppet government. In late 1939 the Nazi authorities in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia suppressed a demonstration in Prague held by students of the Medical Faculty of Charles University. The demonstration was held on October 28 to commemorate the anniversary of the independence of the Czechoslovak Republic (1918). During this demonstration the student Jan Opletal was shot, and later died from his injuries on November 11. On November 15 his body was supposed to be transported from Prague to his home in Moravia. His funeral procession consisted of thousands of students, who turned the event into an anti-Nazi demonstration. However, the Nazi authorities took drastic measures in response, closing all Czech higher education institutions, arresting more than 1,200 students, who were then sent to concentration camps, executing nine students and professors without trial on November 17. Historians have concluded that the Nazis granted permission for the funeral procession already expecting a violent outcome, in order to use that as a pretext for closing down universities and purging anti-fascist dissidents. The nine students and professors executed on November 17 in Prague were: Josef Matousek (historian and associate professor; participated in the organisation of Opletal's funeral); Jaroslav Klima (student of law; Chairman of the National Association of Czech Students in Bohemia and Moravia, requested the release of students arrested by the Gestapo during Opletal's funeral); Jan Weinert (student of Bohemistics and Germanistics; requested the release of students arrested by the Gestapo during Opletal's funeral); Josef Adamec (student of law; secretary of the National Association of Czech Students in Bohemia and Moravia); Jan Cerny (student of medicine; requested the release of students arrested by the Gestapo during Opletal's funeral); Marek Frauwirth (student of economics; as an employee of the Slovak embassy in Prague, he was issuing false passports to Jews trying to flee from the Nazis); Bedrich Koula (student of law; secretary of the Association of Czech students in Bohemia); Vaclav Safranek (student of architecture; record-keeper of the National Association of Czech Students in Bohemia and Moravia); and Frantisek Skorkovsky (student of law; Director of a Committee of the Confederation Internationale des Etudiants, Chairman of the Foreign Department of the National Association of Czech Students in Bohemia and Moravia). https://store.earthstation1.com/the-crimes-of-adolf-hitler-aka-das-leben-von-adolf-hitler-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Roaring Twenties: 1920s History Documentary DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 1955: #DOTD: #RIP: James P. Johnson, African American pianist and composer (b. February 1, 1894) #dies in Jamaica, Queens, New York City of a stroke sustained in 1951 that forced his retirement, aged 61. He is buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Maspeth, Queens County, New York. Unmarked since his death in 1955, his grave was re-consecrated in 2009 with a headstone paid for with funds raised by an event arranged by the James P. Johnson Foundation, Spike Wilner and Dr. Scott Brown. James P. Johnson was born James Price Johnson in New Brunswick, New Jersey. A pioneer of stride piano, he was one of the most important pianists in the early era of recording, and like Jelly Roll Morton, one of the key figures in the evolution of ragtime into what was eventually called jazz. Johnson was a major influence on Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Art Tatum, and Fats Waller, who was his student. Johnson composed many hit songs, including "Carolina Shout" and the unofficial anthem of the Roaring Twenties, "The Charleston", and he remained the acknowledged king of New York jazz pianists through most of the 1930s. Johnson's artistry, influence on early popular music, and contributions to musical theatre are often overlooked, and as such, he has been referred to by musicologist David Schiff as "The Invisible Pianist." https://store.earthstation1.com/the-roaring-twenties-dvd-1920s-history-documentary-dvd-mp4-usb-19204.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Patti Page Music TV Shows DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 2003: #DOTD: #RIP: Claude Trenier, pioneer African American rock and roll singer and cofounder of The Treniers (b. July 14, 1919) #dies on a Monday of cancer at Nathan Adelson Hospice in Las Vega, Nevada, aged 84. He is buried at Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California. He was born Claude Oliver Trenier along with his idential twin brother Clifton L. "Cliff" Trenier in Mobile, Alabama. The Treniers (pronounced TREY-niers) were an American R & B, jump blues and rock and roll group led by Cliff and Claude Trenier. They were originally billed as The Trenier Twins, who performed alongside the Gene Gilbeaux Quartet, but shortened their name to The Treniers when Gilbeaux and other musicians became integral members of the group. Besides the Trenier brothers, group members included Don Hill on saxophone, Shifty Henry and later James (Jimmy) Johnson on bass, Henry (Tucker) Green on drums and Gene Gilbeaux on piano. Later, additional Trenier brothers Milt and Buddy, and nephew Skip, joined the group on vocals, and there were many other musician and line-up changes over the years including Herman Washington and Mickey Baker on guitar. The band was based around twins Clifton L. "Cliff" Trenier (July 14, 1919 - March 2, 1983) and Claude Oliver Trenier (July 14, 1919 - November 17, 2003). They were born in Mobile, Alabama, and formed the Alabama State Collegians when in college together in 1939. In 1943, Claude Trenier left to join Jimmie Lunceford's band as lead singer, and Cliff joined him the following year. The twins left the Lunceford band in 1947 and began performing together as the Trenier Twins, backed by the Gene Gilbeaux Quartet which included Gene Gilbeaux on piano and Don Hill on alto sax. They made their first recordings for Mercury Records in 1947, and developed a strong reputation for their live performances. In 1949, they were joined by older brother Buddy Trenier (December 11, 1913 - March 15, 1999), and started to be billed as "The Rockin' Rollin' Treniers". They played a form of music intermediate between swing and early rock and roll. Though their sound is more swing influenced, the Treniers incorporated a thumping backbeat and several songs that included the words "rock" and "roll" - "Rocking on Sunday Night" and "It Rocks! It Rolls! It Swings!", for example, and in the 1940s were already playing "Rockin' Is Our Bizness," which was inspired by Jimmie Lunceford's "Rhythm Is Our Business" from the 1930s. They were also known for the humorous content of many of their songs, and their on stage acrobatics were seen as precursors to the wild antics of many later rock and roll groups. Their lively stage presentation influenced Bill Haley and Comets, The Shadows in the UK in 1959, Paul Revere and Raiders, and beyond. They had their only national chart hit in 1951, when "Go! Go! Go!" reached #10 on the R & B chart, but several of their other records including "It Rocks! It Rolls! It Swings!" (1952) and "Rockin' Is Our Bizness" (1953) "anticipated some crucial elements of rock n roll with their solid, thumping beats, their squealing sax solos." In the 1950s, they moved closer towards an R & B influenced sound, but were unable to weather the influx of rock and roll. Nonetheless the group was considered a strong influence on bands such as their contemporaries Bill Haley and His Comets, and they were one of the first to record Haley's "Rock-a-Beatin' Boogie". Claude Trenier would later claim in an interview in Blue Suede News magazine that his group was responsible for Haley deciding to record rock and roll; this account is disputed. One of the first times rock and roll appeared on national television was in May 1954 when the Treniers appeared on the Colgate Comedy Hour, hosted by Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis. During the playing of their songs, Martin and Lewis participated in the antics, and when the drummer got up and stepped aside, Jerry Lewis sat down and played drums for one song. The group appeared in several films in the 1950s including The Girl Can't Help It and Don't Knock the Rock (which also featured Haley), and continued to perform as recently as 2003. In 1955, the group released the song "Say Hey (The Willie Mays Song)" about Giants center fielder, Willie Mays, which included some dialogue by the Hall-of-Famer himself. The song is included on the soundtrack to Ken Burns 1994 documentary Baseball. In 2013, surviving member Milt Trenier performed semi-weekly at Chicago area restaurants. https://store.earthstation1.com/patti-page-music-television-shows-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WABC Radio Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 2014: #DOTD: #RIP: Jimmy Ruffin, African American soul singer (b. May 7, 1936) #dies in Las Vegas, Nevada of an undisclosed illness, aged 78. He is is buried at Palm Memorial Park Northwest Cemetery, Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada in the Garden of Eternal Life Section. Jimmy Ruffin was born Jimmy Lee Ruffin in Collinsville, Mississippi. He was the elder brother of David Ruffin of the Temptations. He had several hit records between the 1960s and 1980s, the most successful being the Top 10 hits "What Becomes Of The Brokenhearted" and "Hold On (To My Love)". https://store.earthstation1.com/wabc-musicradio-shows-mp3-dvd-60s80s-am-360807775.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Rock & Roll An Unruly History 10 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 2008: #DOTD: #RIP: George Stephen Morrison, United States Navy rear admiral (upper half) and naval aviator who held significant commands of United States naval forces during the Vietnam War, father of estranged son Jim Morrison, the lead singer of the rock band The Doors (b. January 7, 1919) #dies in Coronado, California at the age of 89. His private memorial service was held on November 24 at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery in San Diego. His ashes were scattered at sea near the same spot off Point Loma where his wife's ashes had been scattered nearly three years earlier. George Stephen Morrison was born in Rome, Georgia. The Morrison family descended from Scottish settlers who emigrated to America in the late 18th century. He entered the U.S. Naval Academy in 1938, graduated in 1941, and was commissioned an ensign. Sent to Hawaii, he joined the crew of the destroyer USS Pruitt. On December 7, 1941, Morrison witnessed the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Morrison began flight training in 1943 at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, and graduated in spring 1944, and went on to fly combat missions in the Grumman F6F Hellcat. He flew missions in the Pacific Theater for the duration of World War II. He served as an instructor on nuclear weapons programs following the end of the war, while during the Korean War, he served at the joint operations center in Seoul. This resulted in the award of the Bronze Star Medal with "V" for Valor device. In November 1963, Morrison took command of the Essex-class aircraft carrier USS Bon Homme Richard, flagship of the First Fleet's Fifth Carrier Division in the Pacific, based at San Diego, California. The Fifth Carrier Division was transferred to the Seventh Fleet when sent to the Western Pacific early in 1964. Morrison's command of the Fifth Carrier Division did not, as has sometimes been supposed, give him a significant role in the controversial Gulf of Tonkin Incident in August 1964, which increased the level of US involvement in the Vietnam War. The Bon Homme Richard was cruising along the coast of Japan, from Sasebo to Yokosuka, while the incidents were occurring off the coast of North Vietnam. In 1967, Morrison was promoted to rear admiral. In WestPac in 1968, he commanded a Task Group that was part of Task Force 77 commanded by Vice Admiral Ralph Cousins; the USS Hancock served as his flagship. Besides operations against communist forces in North Vietnam, the task force was diverted to Korea in December 1968 to support South Korean forces battling North Korean infiltrators during the Korean DMZ Conflict. He successfully led the Task Force in the interdiction of communist North Korean forces in spite of attempts by Soviet Navy destroyers to prevent flight operations by attempting to cross the path of the Hancock. In 1972, he was appointed Commander Naval Forces Marianas. As such, he was in charge of relief efforts for Vietnamese refugees sent to Guam after the fall of Saigon in the spring of 1975. Morrison was the keynote speaker at the decommissioning ceremony for the carrier Bon Homme Richard, his first ship as an admiral, on July 2, 1971, in Washington D.C. His estranged son, rock musician Jim Morrison, died in Paris at age 27 the following day. Morrison retired from the Navy in August 1975 as a rear admiral (upper half). https://store.earthstation1.com/rock-amp-roll-an-unruly-history-10-part-tv-series-mp4-video-download-104.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Sir Arthur Harris Of RAF Bomber Command During WWII DVD, Download, USB
Today, November 17, 2025
November 15-16/November 16-17, 1940: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): Aviation: Military Aviation: Air Warfare Of World War II: Strategic Bombing During World War II: European Air Operations During The Battle Of Europe: The Bombing Of Hamburg In World War II: The Hamburg Air Raids Of The Nights Of November 15/16 And November 16/17 1940: -- In response to the leveling of Coventry by the German Luftwaffe two days before, during what became known as The Coventry Blitz, the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command executes two major bombing raids against Hamburg on the consecutive nights of November 15-16, 1940 and November 16-17, 1940. Over 200 British aircraft were involved. On the first night damage was caused to the Blohm & Voss shipyard, and over 60 fires were started. On the second night only 60 aircraft found their target and damage was far less. The damage and loss of life inflicted were far less than that inflicted by the Germans upon Conventry on November 14-15, 1940, when Coventry was heavily bombed by 515 German Luftwaffe bombers from Luftflotte 3 and from the pathfinders of Kampfgruppe 100 during the overnight of November 14-15. Coventry Cathedral is almost completely destroyed. The Coventry Blitz (blitz: from the German word Blitzkrieg meaning "lightning war") was a series of bombing raids that took place on the English city of Coventry. The city was bombed many times during the Second World War by the German Air Force (Luftwaffe). The most devastating of these attacks occurred on the evening of November 14, 1940 and continued into the morning of November 15. In one night, more than 4,300 homes in Coventry were destroyed and around two-thirds of the city's buildings were damaged. The raid was heavily concentrated on the city centre, most of which was destroyed. Two hospitals, two churches and a police station were also damaged. The local police force lost no fewer than nine constables or messengers in the blitz. Approximately one third of the city's factories were completely destroyed or severely damaged, another third were badly damaged, and the rest suffered slight damage. Among the destroyed factories were the main Daimler factory, the Humber Hillman factory, the Alfred Herbert Ltd machine tool works, nine aircraft factories, and two naval ordnance stores. However, the effects on war production were only temporary, as much essential war production had already been moved to 'shadow factories' on the city outskirts. Also, many of the damaged factories were quickly repaired and had recovered to full production within a few months. An estimated 568 people were killed in the raid (the exact figure was never precisely confirmed), with another 863 badly injured and 393 sustaining lesser injuries. Given the intensity of the raid, casualties were limited by the fact that a large number of Coventrians "trekked" out of the city at night to sleep in nearby towns or villages following the earlier air raids. Also, people who took to air raid shelters suffered very little death or injury. Out of 79 public air raid shelters holding 33,000 people, very few had been destroyed. The attack, code-named Operation Mondscheinsonate (German: Operation Moonlight Sonata), inflicted considerable damage to monuments and residential areas. The initial wave of 13 specially modified Heinkel He 111 aircraft of Kampfgruppe 100, which were equipped with X-Gerat (German: X-Device) navigational devices, accurately dropped navigational marker flares at 19:20. The British and the Germans were fighting the Battle of the Beams and on this night the British failed to disrupt the X-Gerat signals. The Battle of the Beams was a period early in the Second World War when bombers of the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) used a number of increasingly accurate systems of radio navigation for night bombing in the United Kingdom. British scientific intelligence at the Air Ministry fought back with a variety of their own increasingly effective means, involving jamming and distortion of the radio waves. The period ended when the Wehrmacht moved their forces to the East in May 1941, in preparation for the attack on the Soviet Union. The first wave of follow-up bombers dropped high explosive bombs, knocking out the utilities (the water supply, electricity network, telephones and gas mains) and cratering the roads, making it difficult for the fire engines to reach fires started by the later waves of bombers. These later waves dropped a combination of high explosive and incendiary bombs. There were two types of incendiary bomb: Those made of magnesium and those made of petroleum. The high explosive bombs and the larger air-mines not only hindered the Coventry fire brigade, they were also intended to damage roofs, making it easier for the incendiary bombs to fall into buildings and ignite them. Coventry's air defences consisted of twenty-four 3.7 inch AA guns and twelve 40 mm Bofors. The AA Defence Commander of 95th (Birmingham) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, had prepared a series of concentrations to be fired using sound-locators and GL Mk. I gun-laying radar, and 128 concentrations were fired before the bombing severed all lines of communication and the noise drowned out sound-location. The anti-aircraft batteries then fought on in isolation. Some gun positions were able to fire at searchlight beam intersections, glimpsed through the smoke and guessing the range. Although the Coventry guns fired 10 rounds a minute for the whole 10 hour raid (a total of over 6,700 rounds), only one German bomber was shot down. At around 20:00, Coventry Cathedral (dedicated to Saint Michael), was set on fire by incendiaries for the first time. The volunteer firefighters managed to put out the first fire but other direct hits followed and soon new fires broke out in the cathedral; accelerated by a firestorm, the flames quickly spread out of control. During the same period, more than 200 other fires were started across the city, most of which were concentrated in the city-centre area, setting the area ablaze and overwhelming the firefighters. The telephone network was crippled, hampering the fire service's command and control and making it difficult to send firefighters to the most dangerous blazes first; as the Germans had intended, the water mains were damaged by high explosives, meaning there was not enough water available to tackle many of the fires. The raid reached its climax around midnight with the final all clear sounding at 06:15 on the morning of November 15. Although the city centre suffered the heaviest raids, districts of the city including Stoke Heath, Foleshill and Wyken were also heavily bombed. The raid reached such a new and severe level of destruction that Joseph Goebbels later used the term coventriert ("coventried") when describing similar levels of destruction of other enemy towns. During the raid, the Germans dropped about 500 tonnes of high explosives, including 50 parachute air-mines, of which 20 were incendiary petroleum mines, and 36,000 incendiary bombs. The raid of November 14, combined several innovations which influenced all future strategic bomber raids during the war. These were: 1) The use of pathfinder aircraft with electronic aids to navigate, to mark the targets before the main bomber raid; and 2) The use of high explosive bombs and air-mines (blockbuster bombs) coupled with thousands of incendiary bombs intended to set the city ablaze in a firestorm. In the Allied raids later in the war, 500 or more heavy four-engine bombers all delivered their 3,000-6,000-pound (1,400-2,700 kg) bomb loads in a concentrated wave lasting only a few minutes. But at Coventry, the German twin-engined bombers carried smaller bomb loads (2,000-4,000 pounds (910-1,810 kg)), and attacked in smaller multiple waves. Each bomber flew several sorties over the target, returning to base in France to rearm. Thus the attack was spread over several hours, and there were lulls in the raid when firefighters and rescuers could reorganise and evacuate civilians. As Arthur Harris, commander of RAF Bomber Command, wrote after the war: "Coventry was adequately concentrated in point of space [to start a firestorm], but all the same there was little concentration in point of time." The British used the opportunity given them by the attack on Coventry to try a new tactic against Germany, which was carried out on December 16, 1940 as part of Operation Abigail Rachel against Mannheim. The British had been waiting for the opportunity to experiment with an incendiary-intensive raid, considering it a kind of retaliation for the German raid on Coventry. This was the start of a British drift away from precision attacks on military targets and towards area bombing attacks on whole cities. https://store.earthstation1.com/bomber-harris-dvd-marshal-sir-arthur-wwii-rafbomber-command.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Slipstream Jethro Tull Original 1981 Video Release DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 1946: #BOTD: #HBD! Martin Barre, English guitarist and songwriter best known for his longtime role as the lead guitarist of progressive rock band Jethro Tull, is #born Martin Lancelot Barre in Kings Heath, Birmingham, England. He recorded and toured with Jethro Tull from their second album in 1969 to the band's initial dissolution in 2012. In the early 1990s he began a solo career, and has recorded several albums as well as toured with his own live band. He has also played the flute and other instruments such as the mandolin, both on stage for Jethro Tull and in his own solo work. https://store.earthstation1.com/slipstream-jethro-tull-original-1981-video-release-dvd-mp4-usb-19814.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge And The Cambodian Genocide DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 1985: #DOTD: Lon Nol, Cambodian general and politician, 37th Prime Minister of Cambodia twice (1966-67; 1969-71) serving repeatedly as defence minister and provincial governor, nationalist and conservative who led the military coup of 1970 against Prince Norodom Sihanouk, abolished the monarchy, and established the short-lived Khmer Republic, of whom Frank Snepp, the CIA's chief analyst of North Vietnamese strategy during The Vietnam War, said the only thing American intelligence knew about Lon Nol was that "Lon Nol spelled backwards is Lon Nol" (November 13, 1913) #dies of a heart condition at St. Jude Medical Center in Fullerton, California, aged 72. He is buried at Loma Vista Memorial Park cemetery in Fullerton. Lon Nol was born in Prey Veng Province, Cambodia to a family of mixed Khmer-Chinese descent. On October 9, 1970, The Khmer Republic was proclaimed, a semi-presidential republic but de facto military dictatorship, a right-wing pro-United States military-led republican government of Cambodia headed by General Lon Nol and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak, who had taken defacto power over Cambodia in the March 18, 1970 coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk, then the country's head of state. On the same day The Khmer Republic was proclaimed, tThe Khmer National Armed Forces (FARK) was founded, with Lon Nol as Commander-In-Chief during the Cambodian Civil War. Six months later, on April 1, 1975, 16 days before the Khmer Rouge captured Phnom Penh, Lon Nol fled to the United States, first to Hawaii and then to Fullerton, California, where he remained until his death in 1985. The Khmer Rouge then took Phnom Penh, briefly restored the Kingdom of Cambodia, and began the Cambodian Genocide, killing approximately 1.5 to 3 million Cambodian people from 1975 to 1979. They renamed the government Democratic Kampuchea in January 1976. Lon Nol lived with his second wife Sovanna Lon and several of his nine children until his death. https://store.earthstation1.com/cambodia-the-khmer-rouge-and-the-cambodian-genocide-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The American Adventure: TV History Series 1607-1876 DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 1777: The Age Of Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment: The American Revolution: The Continental Congress: The Second Continental Congress: The Articles Of Confederation: -- The states receive The Articles Of Confederation for ratification. Two days prior, on November 15, 1777, The Second Continental Congress of the original 13 states of the United States of America approved The Articles Of Confederation for ratification by the states, after much debate that had lasted since the signing of The Declaration Of Independence over a year earlier in July 1776. Though The Articles Of Confederation only came into full force once it was ratified by all 13 states over three years later on March 1, 1781, Congress nevertheless began immediately to operate under the Articles' terms once they approved the articles, and it produced the immediate result one month later of obtaining France's formal recognition of the United States on December 17, 1777. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-american-adventure-series-us-1st-century-4-dv14.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Montparnasse Revisited: The Genius That Was Paris DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 1917: #DOTD: #RIP: Auguste Rodin, French sculptor and illustrator, generally considered the progenitor of modern sculpture (b. November 12, 1840) #dies aged 77 of influenza in Meudon, Ile-de-France, on the outskirts of Paris. A cast of The Thinker was placed next to his tomb in Meudon; it was Rodin's wish that the figure served as his headstone and epitaph. In 1923, Marcell Tirel, Rodin's secretary, published a book alleging that Rodin's death was largely due to cold, and the fact that he had no heat at Meudon. Rodin requested permission to stay in the Hotel Biron, a museum of his works, but the director of the museum refused to let him stay there. He was born Francois Auguste Rene Rodin into a working-class family in Paris, France. He did not set out to rebel against the past; he was schooled traditionally, took a craftsman-like approach to his work, and desired academic recognition, although he was never accepted into Paris's foremost school of art. Rodin possessed a unique ability to model a complex, turbulent, deeply pocketed surface in clay. Many of his most notable sculptures were criticized during his lifetime. They clashed with predominant figurative sculpture traditions, in which works were decorative, formulaic, or highly thematic. Rodin's most original work departed from traditional themes of mythology and allegory, modeled the human body with realism, and celebrated individual character and physicality. Rodin was sensitive to the controversy surrounding his work, but refused to change his style. Successive works brought increasing favor from the government and the artistic community. From the unexpected realism of his first major figure - inspired by his 1875 trip to Italy - to the unconventional memorials whose commissions he later sought, Rodin's reputation grew, and he became the preeminent French sculptor of his time. By 1900, he was a world-renowned artist. Wealthy private clients sought Rodin's work after his World's Fair exhibit, and he kept company with a variety of high-profile intellectuals and artists. His students included Antoine Bourdelle, Camille Claudel, Constantin Brancusi, and Charles Despiau. He married his lifelong companion, Rose Beuret, in the last year of both their lives. His sculptures suffered a decline in popularity after his death in 1917, but within a few decades, his legacy solidified. Rodin remains one of the few sculptors widely known outside the visual arts community. His most notable sculptures include: The Age of Bronze (L'age d'airain), 1877; The Walking Man (L'homme qui marche), 1877-78; The Burghers of Calais (Les Bourgeois de Calais), 1889; The Kiss, 1889; and The Thinker (Le Penseur), 1902. https://store.earthstation1.com/montparnasse-revisted-the-genius-that-was-paris-3-dvd3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Monarchy In The UK: British Royal History MP4 Video Download DVD Set
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 1558: #DOTD: #RIP: Mary I Of England, also known as Mary Tudor, also known as "Bloody Mary", Queen Of England from July 19, 1553 until her death (b. February 18, 1516) #dies at age 42, possibly from ovarian cysts or uterine cancer, at St James's Palace, during an influenza epidemic. She is buried in a vault in the north aisle of Henry VII's Lady Chapel in a coffin, above which the large monument was later erected. The wooden effigy carried at her funeral still exists and both head and unclothed body (having previously been separated) are on view in the new Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries high above the Abbey floor. Elizabeth I's coffin was later placed on top of Mary's in the vault. James I erected a large monument above the graves but this only bears the effigy of Elizabeth on it. Mary is mentioned in one of the inscriptions, which can be translated: "Partners both in throne and grave, here rest we two sisters, Elizabeth and Mary, in the hope of the Resurrection." Mary I Of England was succeeded to the throne by her younger half-sister Elizabeth I Of England, who reversed by Mary's re-establishment of Roman Catholicism and ushered in the 1558-1603 Elizabethan Era. Mary I Of England was born Mary Tudor at Palace Of Placentia, Greenwich, also known as Greenwich Palace, a palace which was demolished by King Charles II in 1660 to make way for a new one which was never built; Greenwich Hospital, London, a permanent home for retired sailors of the Royal Navy, was built there 40 years later and operated from 1692 to 1869; ultimately it became Royal Naval College (now called the Old Royal Naval College) where the Royal Observatory is now located, which played a major role in the history of astronomy and navigation, and because the Prime Meridian passes through it, it gave its name to Greenwich Mean Time, the precursor to today's Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Mary I is best known for her vigorous attempt to reverse the English Reformation, which had begun during the reign of her father, Henry VIII. Her attempt to restore to the Church the property confiscated in the previous two reigns was largely thwarted by parliament, but during her five-year reign, Mary had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions, which led to her denunciation as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents. Mary was the only child of Henry VIII by his first wife, Catherine Of Aragon, to survive to adulthood. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded their father in 1547 at the age of nine. When Edward became mortally ill in 1553, he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because he supposed, correctly, that she would reverse the Protestant reforms that had continued during his reign. Upon his death, leading politicians proclaimed Lady Jane Grey as queen. Mary speedily assembled a force in East Anglia and deposed Jane, who was ultimately beheaded. Mary was, excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda, the first queen regnant of England. In 1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556. After Mary's death in 1558, her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by her younger half-sister and successor, Elizabeth I. https://store.earthstation1.com/monarchy-in-the-uk-british-royal-history-mp4-video-download-dvd-set.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Rise Of Catherine The Great 1934 Fairbanks Jr. Bergner DVD MP4 USB
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 1796: #DOTD: #RIP: Catherine The Great, Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country's longest-ruling female leader, the last Empress of Russia (b. May 2. 1729) #dies of a stroke at the Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, aged 67. She is buried at Saints Peter And Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, Russia. Catherine The Great was born Yekaterina Velikaya, Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, in Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia, Holy Roman Empire (modern Szczecin, West Pomerania, Poland). She came to power following a coup d'etat when her husband, Peter III, was assassinated. Under her reign, Russia was revitalised; it grew larger and stronger, and was recognised as one of the great powers of Europe. In both her accession to power and in rule of her empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Assisted by highly successful generals such as Alexander Suvorov and Pyotr Rumyantsev, and admirals such as Fyodor Ushakov, she governed at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding rapidly by conquest and diplomacy. In the south, the Crimean Khanate was crushed following victories over the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish wars, and Russia colonised the territories of Novorossiya along the coasts of the Black and Azov Seas. In the west, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ruled by Catherine's former lover, king Stanislaw August Poniatowski, was eventually partitioned, with the Russian Empire gaining the largest share. In the east, Russia started to colonise Alaska, establishing Russian America. Catherine reformed the administration of Russian guberniyas, and many new cities and towns were founded on her orders. An admirer of Peter The Great, Catherine continued to modernise Russia along Western European lines. However, military conscription and the economy continued to depend on serfdom, and the increasing demands of the state and private landowners led to increased levels of reliance on serfs. This was one of the chief reasons behind several rebellions, including the large-scale Pugachev's Rebellion of cossacks and peasants. The period of Catherine the Great's rule, the Catherinian Era, is often considered the Golden Age of the Russian Empire and the Russian nobility. The Manifesto on Freedom of the Nobility, issued during the short reign of Peter III and confirmed by Catherine, freed Russian nobles from compulsory military or state service. Construction of many mansions of the nobility, in the classical style endorsed by the Empress, changed the face of the country. She enthusiastically supported the ideals of The Enlightenment, thus earning the status of an enlightened despot. As a patron of the arts she presided over the age of the Russian Enlightenment, a period when the Smolny Institute, the first state-financed higher education institution for women in Europe, was established. https://store.earthstation1.com/rise-of-catherine-the-great-1934-dvd-fairbanks-jr-ber1934.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: History Of Talk Radio w/Lauren Hutton + Dateline: Howard Stern MP4 DVD
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 1943: #BOTD: #HBD! Lauren Hutton, American model, actress and beauty, is #born Mary Laurence Hutton in Charleston, South Carolina. Raised in Tampa, Florida, Hutton relocated to New York City in her early adulthood to begin a modeling career. Though she was initially dismissed by agents for a signature gap in her teeth, Hutton signed a modeling contract with Revlon in 1973, which at the time was the biggest contract in the history of the modeling industry. Over her career, Hutton has worked both as a model and an actress, making her film debut in the sports drama Paper Lion in 1968, opposite Alan Alda. She also played central roles in The Gambler (1974) and American Gigolo (1980), and later appeared on television in the network series Paper Dolls and Nip/Tuck. Hutton has continued to model into her seventies, appearing in numerous advertising campaigns for H & M, Lord and Taylor, and Alexander Wang, and performed on the runway for Tom Ford's spring 2012 collection, as well as for Bottega Veneta at the 2016 New York Fashion Week. https://store.earthstation1.com/hioftarawila.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Ethnic Notions + The Mammy Legend: Black Stereotypes DVD MP3 USB Drive
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 1998: #DOTD: #RIP! Esther Rolle, African American actress and dancer, best known for her role as Florida Evans on the CBS television sitcom Maude for two seasons (1972-1974), and its spin-off series Good Times, for five seasons (1974-77, 1978-79), for which Rolle was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Musical or Comedy in 1976 (b. November 8, 1920) #dies in Culver City, California from complications of diabetes, nine days after her 78th birthday. A devout member of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, Rolle requested that her funeral be held at Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church in her hometown of Pompano Beach, Florida, located at what is now 405 Northwest Esther Rolle Avenue. She is buried in Westview Community Cemetery also in Pompano Beach, a historically black burial ground created in 1952 when the laws and customs of Florida did not permit white people and black people to be buried in the same cemetery. Esther Rolle was born Esther Elizabeth Rolle in Pompano Beach, Florida to Bahamian immigrants. Rolle was a member of Asadata Dafora's dance troupe, Shogolo Oloba (later renamed the Federal Theater African Dance Troupe). She became the troupe's director in 1960, and they became of fixture of the Harlem cultural scene during the early 1960s, often performing in front of Lewis H. Michaux's African National Memorial Bookstore, and before and after lectures by Malcolm X. Rolle's earliest roles were on the stage; her New York stage debut was in the 1962 play The Blacks. She was often cast in plays produced by Robert Hooks and the Negro Ensemble Company. She also appeared in productions of The Crucible and Blues for Mr. Charlie. Rolle's most prominent early role was as Miss Maybell in the Melvin Van Peebles musical film Don't Play Us Cheap, and it's subsequent stage adaptation. In 1977, Rolle portrayed Lady Macbeth in Orson Welles' Haitian-influenced version of William Shakespeare's Macbeth at the Henry Street New Federal Theater in Manhattan. In 1979, Rolle accepted the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Special for the television film Summer of My German Soldier. https://store.earthstation1.com/ethnic-notions-africanamerican-stereotypes-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: That Rhythm, Those Blues + Bonus The Death Of R & B? MP4 Download DVD
Today, November 17, 2025
November 17, 2006: #DOTD: #RIP: Ruth Brown, known as the "Queen of R & B", pioneer African American singer and songwriter and actress (b. January 12, 1928) #dies in a Las Vegas area hospital aged 78 from complications following a heart attack and stroke she suffered after surgery in the previous month. A memorial concert for her was held on January 22, 2007, at the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, New York. She is buried at Roosevelt Memorial Park, Chesapeake City, Virginia. Ruth Brown was born Ruth Alston Weston in Portsmouth, Virginia.. She was noted for bringing a pop music style to Rhythm and Blues music in a series of hit songs for Atlantic Records in the 1950s, such as "So Long", "Teardrops from My Eyes" and "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean". For these contributions, Atlantic became known as "The House That Ruth Built", alluding to the popular nickname for the old Yankee Stadium. Following a resurgence that began in the mid-1970s and peaked in the 1980s, Brown used her influence to press for musicians' rights regarding royalties and contracts; these efforts led to the founding of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. Her performances in the Broadway musical Black and Blue earned Brown a Tony Award, and the original cast recording won a Grammy Award. https://store.earthstation1.com/that-rhythm-those-blues-dvd-american-black-rampb-music-history.html